Inheritance

Inheritance: []

GENETICS : branch of biology that studies heredity GREGOR MENDEL: -Austrian Monk - Experimented with pea plants
 * results: by breeding many plants over and over, "statistically" certain traits occur with a certain probability**

**law of segregation- a pair of factors is separated during the formation of offspring** **law of independent assortment- factors for different characteristics are distributed to offspring independently** - Discovered seven traits are easily recognized and occur in only two forms Flowers have both MALE (stamen-anther and filaments) and FEMALE (pistil-stigma, style and ovary) reproductive parts

Pollination-
 * Pea Plants that contain both male and female reproductive parts reproduce by self-pollination
 * Cross Pollination: fertilization of a plant's egg cell by the pollen of another plant

MONOHYBRID CROSS a cross between individuals that involves __one__ pair of contrasting traits DIHYBRID CROSS a cross between individuals that involves __two__ pairs of contrasting traits


 * INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE - inheritance relationship that occurs when both alleles influence the phenotype-->**
 * CODOMINANCE - inheritance relationship in which neither allele totally masks the other**

Mendel was the first scientist to develop a method for predicting the outcome of inheritance patterns. He performed his work with pea plants, studying seven traits: plant height, pod shape, pod color, seed shape, seed color, flower color, and flower location. Pea plants pollinate themselves. Therefore, over many generations, pea plants develop individuals that are homozygous for particular characteristics. []


 * __ Terms to Know: __**
 * //dominant genes:// expressed even if the person only has one copy
 * //recessive genes:// only expressed if both copies are recessive
 * //homozygous:// when a persons alleles are identical
 * //heterozygous:// when a persons alleles are different
 * //polygenic traits:// traits that are controlled by different alleles
 * //incomplete dominance:// when the dominant allelle is only partially expressed
 * //codominance:// when both genes are fully expressed and the phenotype is not dominant or recessive.
 * //genotype:// the entire set of genes in an organism
 * //phenoype:// the visable effects of a trait; i.e. brown hair, blue eyes etc.
 * //multiple alleles:// when multiple alleles make up a gene.
 * //allele:// one member of a pair of genes occupying a specific spot on a chromosome that controls a trait.