Photosynthesis

=[|Photosynthesis Animation]= = = =[|Another animation on Photosynthesis]=

=Photosynthesis = The Basics 1.) Occurs in the Chloroplast 2.) The purpose is to use solar energy to make high energy sugar 3.) Divided into two sets of reactions which are light dependendt reaction and the Calvin Cycle



=Chloroplast = 1.) Stroma : is the liquid inside the chloroplast, surrounds the thylakoid membranes 2.) Granum: is stacks of thylakoid membrane 3.) Thylakoid: membranes containing photosystems 4.) Photosystem: Light capturing systems



= Photosynthesis Equation = 1.) H2O + CO2 ---> C6H12O6 + O2 - Water + carbon dioxide ---> sugar + oxygen



= Required For Photosynthesis = 1.) Sunlight - Provides Energy 2.) Carbon Dioxide - Provides carbon 3.) Water - Provides Electrons 4.) Enzymes- Put everything together 5.) Sugar - Stores Energy 6.) Oxygen - Is a waster product ( this is left over after the electrons are removed from the water)



= Light Dependent Reactions = 1.) Located in the Thylakoid Membrands 2.) Purpose is to capture solar energy and store the energy in energy carriers 3.) Reactants are water which provides electrons and Sunlight which provides energy 4.)Photosystems: captures the energy in sunlight and transfers it to electrons 5.) The ETC: uses energy electrons to charge NADPH 6.) Energy from Electrons are used to : charge ATP, which requires a membrane protein called ATP synthase 7.) The Charged energy carriers ( ATP and NADPH) : go to Calvin Cycle to help build sugars



= Calvin Cycle = 1.) Location in the stroma 2.) Purpose was the make energy-containing sugars, which is Carbon Fixation 3.) Reactants are carbon dioxide which provides carbon and energy carriers which provide energy. 4.) The Calvin Cycle must occur twice to produce a single molecule for sugar 5.) During the cycle 18# of energy carriers are required for each round of the cycle becuase it take two rounds of the Calvin Cycle to produce one molecule of sugar, each molecule of sugar requires 36# energy carriers. Steps 1.) Carbon Fixation: inorganic carbon converted into organic coarbon 2.) ATP and NADPH add energy molecules removed to make sugar 3.) Compounds are recycled to keep process going.



= Energy Carriers = 1.) Are organic compounds that carry energy from one chemical reaction to another 2.) Energy is stored in electrons that are carried by the energy carrier 3.) The primary energy carriers provides energy to all living things is ATP 4.) ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate 5.) ATP stores its energy in electrons that form bons between phospates. 6.)Energy is released when phosphate bonds are broken. 7.)Energy is stored when the phosphate bond is made bond is made.

[] - Watch for a very informing animations of photosynthesis! Still Not getting it? Then try, [|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gLa5EWn9OI] Then TRY [|_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis__]for an overview!